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    <BLOCKQUOTE>
      <P ALIGN=RIGHT><I><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE="-2" FACE="Arial">[http://www.nycosh.org/linktopics/WTC-catastrophe_archive_Feb-July_2002.html]</FONT></I></P>
      <H2><FONT COLOR="#ff0000" FACE="Arial">World Trade Center catastrophe
      safety and health links archive - February-July 2002</FONT></H2>
      <P ALIGN=RIGHT><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The number
      of links on this topic is too great for display on a single page.
      We have arranged all the links on a series of pages, including
      one with <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe.html">the latest material</A>,
      this one, another one with material from <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html">December-January,</A>
      and a fourth with material from <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Sept-Nov.html">September-November.</A>
      &nbsp;In addition, some more recent links will be found on the
      NYCOSH <A HREF="../index.html">home page.</A></FONT></I></B></P>
      <P ALIGN=RIGHT><A NAME="anchor293081"></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1"
       FACE="Arial">Where possible, these links are grouped by subject,
      such as Compensation or Asbestos, with non-specific links categorized
      as News or Occupational Safety and Health Resources. &nbsp;Within
      each subject, the newest listings are at the top.</FONT></I></B></P>
      <P ALIGN=RIGHT><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH cannot
      guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the information in
      the external links below.</FONT></I></B></P>
      <MENU>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor802468"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Asbestos</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor263105"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Breaking
        news</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor802797"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Compensation</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor803377"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Government
        resources</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor261200"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">News
        features</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor804333"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Occupational
        safety and health resources</FONT></A>
        <LI><A HREF="#anchor804729"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Psychological
        trauma</FONT></A>
      </MENU>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links concerning biological
      weapons (including anthrax) and biosafety, <A HREF="biosafety.html">click
      here</A>.</FONT></I></B></P>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Occupational and environmental
      safety and health hazards have an effect on everyone, going far
      beyond the concerns resulting from the World Trade Center catastrophe
      or bioterrorism. For more information on the identification,
      control and elimination of workplace and workplace-related hazards,
      and to learn more about the struggle to ensure that every workplace
      is safe and healthful, please explore the our extensive website
      and its 2000 links to other Internet resources on the subject.
      To visit our site map, please <A HREF="../site_map.html">click
      here.</A></FONT></I></B></P>
      <P><CENTER><I><FONT SIZE="-2" FACE="Arial"><IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
      WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></FONT></I><FONT
       SIZE="-2" FACE="Arial">indicates that a link is only be available
      in Adobe Portable Document Format. &nbsp;For information about
      using PDF files, <A HREF="../www-intro.html#anchor317451">click
      here.</A></FONT><BR>
      </CENTER></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor802468"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">ASBESTOS LINKS<BR>
      </FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/Reservoir-6-9-02-jenkins.pdf"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Testing Carpet, the Asbestos Reservoir</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">, June 9, 2002 by Cate Jenkins, EPA Hazardous
        Waste Identification Division <B><I><IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
        WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </I></B></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Asbestos Fallout Is Found
        In Co-op Near WTC Site</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; A seven-story co-op building half a mile north of Ground
        Zero was recently found to be contaminated with high levels of
        asbestos. <A HREF="http://www.732-2m2m.com/tt/2002May_articles.htm#Asbestos Fallout Is Found In Co-op Near WTC Site"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> &nbsp;(Daily News, May 2)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.wtciuoe.org/pdf/info/NYC-Clean-up-asbestos.pdf"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Dealing with Asbestos in the New York
        Cleanup</FONT></I></B></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &nbsp;<IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif" WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18"
        ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">(International Union of Operating Engineers)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Status of Air and Dust
        Asbestos Testing After WTC Collapse, </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">March 11, 2002 by Cate Jenkins, EPA Hazardous Waste
        Identification Division<B><I> &nbsp;</I></B><A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/asbestos-status-3-11-02.pdf"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp;<IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
        WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor225981">click
      here</A>.<BR>
<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor263105"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">BREAKING NEWS<BR>
      </FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Questions Continue as
        WTC Recovery Ends </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        After more than eight months and 3 million man-hours at one of
        the most hazardous work sites in the nation, the recovery and
        cleanup at the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site came to
        an end on May 30. The controversy over OSHA's decision to suspend
        enforcement at the site, however, may be just beginning. In a
        statement released to mark the occasion, Labor Secretary Elaine
        Chao said she is proud of the OSHA effort and pointed out that
        only 35 recovery workers missed workdays due to injury, and none
        lost their lives at the site where thousands perished because
        of the terrorist attack. That record does not appear to satisfy
        Rep. Jerrold Nadler, D-N.Y., who represents the part of Manhattan
        that includes the WTC. In a June 3 letter to OSHA Administrator
        John Henshaw, Nadler wrote, &quot;While OSHA officials have provided
        a variety of justifications and rationales&quot; for not enforcing
        safety and health rules at the site, &quot;none have proven to
        be conclusive.&quot; The congressman asked for a number of documents,
        including those upon which the &quot;no enforcement&quot; decision
        was based. At press time, there was no indication from OSHA about
        how it would respond to Nadler's request. (Occupational Hazards,
        July 2002)<B><I><BR>
<BR>
        </I></B></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">9/11 Exposed Deadly Flaws
        in Rescue Plan</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        Minutes after the south tower collapsed at the World Trade Center,
        police helicopters hovered near the remaining tower to check
        its condition. &quot;About 15 floors down from the top, it looks
        like it's glowing red,&quot; the pilot of one helicopter, Aviation
        14, radioed at 10:07 a.m. &quot;It's inevitable.&quot; Seconds
        later, another pilot reported: &quot;I don't think this has too
        much longer to go. I would evacuate all people within the area
        of that second building.&quot; Those clear warnings, captured
        on police radio tapes, were transmitted 21 minutes before the
        building fell, and officials say they were relayed to police
        officers, most of whom managed to escape. Yet most firefighters
        never heard those warnings, or earlier orders to get out. Their
        radio system failed frequently that morning. Even if the radio
        network had been reliable, it was not linked to the police system.
        And the police and fire commanders guiding the rescue efforts
        did not talk to one another during the crisis. Cut off from critical
        information, at least 121 firefighters, most in striking distance
        of safety, died when the north tower fell. <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/07/nyregion/07EMER.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (New York Times, July 7)<B><I><BR>
<BR>
        </I></B></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Smoke screen </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; Ground Zero has been officially
        cleared with the removal of the last beam from the collapsed
        World Trade Centre, but evidence is growing that the US government
        failed to warn the public about the dangers of pollution in the
        aftermath. <A HREF="http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0%2C4273%2C4427040%2C00.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Guardian, June 5)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Blasted Over World
        Trade Center Cleanup Program</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; From Latin American day laborers to Southern Baptist volunteers,
        hundreds of people cleaned potentially hazardous dust from buildings
        around the World Trade Center site without standard safety gear.
        The cleanup continued for months after Sept. 11 as public agencies
        issued confusing and often reassuring assessments of risks posed
        by the dust, according to public documents and dozens of interviews.
        <A HREF="http://www.nando.net/special_reports/terrorism/impact/story/406172p-3235216c.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Associated Press, May 18)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Eight Months After World
        Trade Center Catastrophe, EPA Plans to Oversee Professional Cleanup
        of Lower Manhattan Residences </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">&#151; On May 8 the EPA abandoned its previous
        position that it had no responsibility for indoor spaces that
        were contaminated when the World Trade Center collapsed. The
        agency announced that in June it would begin a program to clean
        living quarters below Canal Street, upon the resident's request.
        While many welcomed the EPA reversal, some public health activists
        also criticized it sharply as being &quot;too little, too late.&quot;
        <A HREF="../Update13_Apr-Jun_2002.html#anchor40370"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>
        (NYCOSH Update on Safety and Health, May 17)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Most Cars Caught in WTC
        Collapse Will Be Destroyed, but Others Face Uncertain Fate </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; Hundreds of cars and trucks that
        were contaminated with asbestos-laden dust from the World Trade
        Center collapse are at the center of a controversy that has pitted
        government officials, unions, insurance companies and public
        health advocates against each other. <A HREF="../Update13_Apr-Jun_2002.html#anchor41131"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (NYCOSH Update on Safety
        and Health, May 17)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Scammers Exploit Lower
        Manhattan Environmental Fears</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Many New York City residents have recently received e-mail
        messages or leaflets telling them that they can get a &quot;free&quot;
        air conditioner, HEPA vacuum cleaner or air purifier by buying
        one and applying to FEMA for reimbursement. It isn't true. <A
        HREF="../Update13_Apr-Jun_2002.html#anchor41718"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>
        (NYCOSH Update on Safety and Health, May 17)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Fire Truck Danger: Union
        Says WTC Dust on Rigs a Health Risk</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; Hundreds of fire trucks that responded
        to the World Trade Center attacks remain contaminated with potentially
        toxic dust, posing health risks to firefighters, union officials
        charge. Although the Fire Department has examined the 200 surviving
        rigs that were at Ground Zero on Sept. 11, only four were professionally
        decontaminated, FDNY officials acknowledged. The rest were deemed
        safe and sent back on the streets. In contrast, the Environmental
        Protection Agency has ordered the destruction of 890 cars laced
        with asbestos from the twin towers. <B><I>For the full text of
        this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A
        HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-april-News.html#anchor1056727">click
        here,</A> or to view it on the magazine's own website click on:
        <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-05-15/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-150930.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, May 15)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Rapped for NYC Cleaning
        Program</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The
        government could spend as much as $100 million to clean downtown
        Manhattan apartments of dust from the World Trade Center collapse,
        but critics say the program may be coming too late to help those
        at greatest risk of health problems. Federal and city environmental
        officials announced last week they would pay for professional
        cleaning and air-quality testing of the apartment of any area
        resident who requests the work. &quot;It would have been far,
        far better for the EPA to have done this much sooner,&quot; said
        Jonathan Bennett, spokesman for the nonprofit New York Committee
        for Occupational Safety and Health. &quot;It would have given
        people protection from things that are now in their lungs that
        they can't be protected from now.&quot; <B><I>For the full text
        of this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A
        HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-april-News.html#anchor1058827">click
        here,</A> or to view it on the magazine's own website click on:
        <A HREF="http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20020515/ap_on_re_us/attacks_air_quality_1"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Associated Press, May 14)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Vows Housing Cleanup</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Bowing to angry tenants and homeowners
        near Ground Zero, the Environmental Protection Agency said yesterday
        it would test and clean apartments potentially tainted with asbestos
        from the destruction of the World Trade Center. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-05-09/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-150299.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, May 9)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">A Crusader Cheers Feds'
        Decision</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Eight
        months ago, environmental lawyer Joel Kupferman was one of the
        few voices challenging the federal Environmental Protection Agency's
        assurances there was no health threat to the public from pollutants
        released by the World Trade Center collapse. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-05-09/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-150333.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, May 9)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA to Clean WTC Apartments</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;&nbsp;After saying for eight months
        that there was no significant health risk from the dust from
        the collapsed World Trade Center, the U.S. Environmental Protection
        Agency announced Wednesday that it will clean the dust from apartments
        in Lower Manhattan. &quot;We are pleased that the EPA has decided
        to accept responsibility for protection of residents of Lower
        Manhattan,&quot; said Joel Shufro, executive director of The
        New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (NYCOSH),
        a coalition of unions and health professionals. &quot;This is
        not only a step in the right direction, it is a reversal of EPA's
        policy.&quot; <A HREF="http://upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=08052002-104047-2874r"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp;(United Press International,
        May 8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">In A Major Reversal, Officials
        Announce EPA Will Pay For Cleanup, Testing of Apartments In Lower
        NYC</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Lower
        Manhattan residents who were concerned about their health following
        the 9/11 attacks got some good news Wednesday, as the government
        announced it will pay to clean up thousands of apartments. After
        much debate over the potential health risks of the debris from
        the toppled WTC, officials announced that the EPA will pick up
        the tab to have apartments in the area cleaned and tested. Many
        residents were pleased by the news, but others say it's too little,
        too late. <A HREF="http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/news/WABC_050802_cleanup.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> &nbsp;(WABC-TV, May 8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC Minority Workers'
        Ills Persist </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I>
        </I></B>More than 400 immigrant workers hired to clean buildings
        near the World Trade Center site continued to suffer respiratory
        and other symptoms months after their first exposure to the dust,
        a Queens College physician reported yesterday. Dr. Steven Markowitz,
        who supervised a medical monitoring van near Ground Zero for
        two months, gave preliminary results of examinations of 415 building
        cleanup workers. <B><I>For the full text of this article, reproduced
        as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News, </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-april-News.html#anchor170605">click
        here.</A>&nbsp;(Newsday, April 28)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Expert Says Asbestos Slightly
        Raised Risks for Disease Among Residents of Lower Manhattan </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I> </I></B>The risk of asbestos-related
        disease, including cancer, has risen slightly for tens of thousands
        of people in Lower Manhattan as a result of the collapse of the
        World Trade Center, a prominent New York physician said yesterday.
        The risk is higher, he said, for those who worked under the most
        hazardous conditions, and much of the danger could have been
        reduced or eliminated entirely if proper preventive action had
        been taken. But the risks from asbestos exposure were also compounded
        for many people, including rescue and cleanup workers, who did
        not wear respirators sufficient to protect their lungs at ground
        zero and nearby. Many day laborers, including large numbers of
        immigrants who spoke little or no English, were hired to clean
        up dust-laden buildings, Dr. Levin said, with little or no protection
        or instruction. &quot;It's a public health outrage that they
        were permitted to be exposed this way,&quot; he said. <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/26/nyregion/26ASBE.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (New York Times, April 26)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">AFL-CIO to Honor Victims
        of 9/11</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Since
        1996, April 28 has been set aside as Workers' Memorial Day in
        more than 100 nations. Each year, time is set aside to remember
        those men and women who were killed, injured or struck with disease
        while on the job. On Sunday, the New York State AFL-CIO will
        pay tribute to the workers killed or injured as a result of the
        Sept. 11 attacks with a special performance of the highly acclaimed
        play &quot;The Guys&quot; at Lincoln Center. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-04-24/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-148619.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> &nbsp;(Daily News, April
        24)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Watchdog Quits EPA: Silenced,
        He Says: Martin Questioned Agency Chief's Connections</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The government watchdog who rides
        herd on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on behalf of
        citizens resigned in disgust yesterday, saying the Bush administration
        has moved to silence him. EPA ombudsman Robert Martin's Earth
        Day resignation came after he raised questions about agency Administrator
        Christine Todd Whitman's financial ties to the owner of a Denver
        Superfund site and to a firm that provided insurance around the
        World Trade Center in lower Manhattan. <A HREF="http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/67576_ombudsman24.shtml"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Seattle Post-Intelligencer,
        April 23)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Toxic Fallout</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Ray Suarez reports from lower
        Manhattan on environmental concerns provoked by the collapse
        of the World Trade Center. Mary Perillo and Pat Moore are neighbors
        in an apartment building just 300 feet from where the Trade Center
        Towers once stood. Perillo and Moore had to buy moon suits and
        respirators just to enter their apartment building, and six months
        after 9/11, their apartments are still covered in a thick layer
        of gritty dust. <A HREF="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/environment/jan-june02/fallout_4-16.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp; (PBS NewsHour, April
        16)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Considers Paying for
        Apartment Cleaning</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Seven months after the World Trade Center collapse, the
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said April 12 it was considering
        paying for the cleanup of hundreds of dust-filled apartments
        and offices in lower Manhattan. News that the federal agency
        might take the financial burden of the massive cleanup from landlords
        and tenants came during an Assembly hearing on air quality issues.
        In a heated exchange between EPA regional director Kathleen Callahan
        and Assemb. Richard Gottfried (D-Manhattan), Callahan said the
        agency was considering the possibility of paying for indoor cleanup
        of buildings. <A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-air0413.story"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> &nbsp;(Newsday, April 13)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Injuries Few Among Crews
        at Towers Site</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        It had been called one of the most dangerous work sites in America.
        But as the cleanup at ground zero draws to a close, federal records
        show that only 35 of the more than 1,500 workers assigned to
        help clear debris from the World Trade Center site were seriously
        injured in more than six months of work there. None of these
        injuries &#151; among ironworkers, carpenters, heavy equipment
        operators and the dozen or so other types of specialized workers
        &#151; were classified as life-threatening. <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/12/nyregion/12SITE.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (New York Times, April 12)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC Plan Causes Concern
        Over Clean Up</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        The agency charged with rebuilding the 16-acre site where the
        World Trade Center once stood released a &quot;set of principles&quot;
        Tuesday to guide development of the site but some think the plan
        is doomed if clean up is ignored. &quot;If they go and build
        on a dirty foundation, there will be no trust, people will get
        sick because &#145;Ground Zero' has all the characteristics of
        a Superfund site and the project will be doomed,&quot; said Indira
        Singh, a risk architect and volunteer emergency medical technician.
        <A HREF="http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=09042002-093035-5097r"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (April 9, United Press International)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">U.S. Report on Trade Center
        Echoes Lessons of Past Disasters</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; A New York City skyscraper burns out of
        control, fireproofing is absent or fails, structural steel warps
        and snaps, floors begin to collapse, workers in the building
        die. The date is Aug. 5, 1970. The skyscraper is called 1 New
        York Plaza, less than a mile from where the World Trade Center
        towers were rising into the clouds. The fire and collapse of
        the World Trade Center last Sept. 11 in many ways stand alone,
        both in the terrifying attack and in the incomprehensible death
        toll. The first federal assessment of the trade center disaster,
        which The New York Times obtained last week, has made clear that
        there may have been no reasonable precautions that could have
        stopped the towers from collapsing once they were struck and
        huge fires broke out. <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/02/nyregion/02TOWE.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (New York Times, April 2)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Cars Trapped at WTC Now
        Stuck in Another Mess: City Had Planned to Release Contaminated
        Vehicles Until Congressman Called in Federal Environmental Officials</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The letters went out earlier
        this month, informing the owners of almost 400 cars and trucks
        recovered from in and around the World Trade Center disaster
        site that the vehicles could be reclaimed at the Fresh Kills
        landfill. &nbsp;All the owners had to do was cover them &quot;with
        a tarp or other impervious material&quot; and haul them away
        on a flatbed. That was the easy part. <B><I>For the full text
        of this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News, </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-march-News.html#anchor1026429">click
        here,</A> or to view it on the newspaper's own website click
        on: &nbsp;<IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10"
        ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"> (Newark Star-Ledger,
        March 29)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Feds Must Fund WTC Study</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The federal Environmental Protection
        Agency came under fire Feb. 11 at a U.S. Senate hearing held
        in lower Manhattan for prematurely stating that polluted air
        from the World Trade Center disaster was safe. <A HREF="http://www.dc37.net/news/PEP/3_2002/dctells_senate.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Public Employee Press, March
        2002)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Accused of Neglect
        In 9/11 Cleanup</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        A watchdog for the Environmental Protection Agency has accused
        the agency of neglecting its responsibility and urged a cleanup
        of buildings contaminated by World Trade Center debris. &quot;EPA
        has abandoned its responsibility for cleaning up buildings [both
        inside and out] that are contaminated, or that are being recontaminated,
        as a result of the uncontrolled chemical releases from the World
        Trade Center terrorist attacks,&quot; Ombudsman Robert Martin
        wrote in a <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/Ombudsman_Findings_WTC.pdf">March
        27 letter</A> to Jane Kenny, head of the agency's New York region.
        <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-03-29/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-145894.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, March 29)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Potentially Hazardous
        Debris from WTC Being Removed</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Dozens of workers in protective suits will fan out across
        lower Manhattan to clean potentially hazardous World Trade Center
        debris from building facades and roofs, officials said Tuesday.
        The cleanup should stop wind and human activity from eroding
        caked debris into dust that could blow into nearby homes and
        businesses, city and federal officials said. The solid debris
        poses no immediate health threat, officials said. But city testers
        found possibly dangerous levels of asbestos on about half of
        the buildings they examined around ground zero, said Diana Chapin,
        first deputy commissioner of the city's Department of Environmental
        Protection. <A HREF="http://1010wins.com/StoryFolder/story_77096915_html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Associated Press, March
        26)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Cop Chief Fears He Has
        Twin Towers Cough</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; A top police chief who is retiring today is considering
        seeking a disability pension because he fears he may have the
        so-called World Trade Center cough, the Daily News has learned.
        Chief Allan Hoehl, a 40-year NYPD veteran and commanding officer
        of Manhattan South, has been undergoing medical tests for a persistent
        cough he has had since he was nearly killed by the collapse of
        the twin towers. &quot;In my lungs I have every kind of poison
        that was there, and inhaled everything down there for months
        afterward,&quot; the three-star chief told The News yesterday.
        &quot;Hopefully, that won't turn out to be fatal five years or
        10 years down the line.&quot; <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-03-19/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-144859.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, March 19)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC Workers Deal With
        Freon</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Ground
        Zero workers are closing in once again on the delicate task of
        examining and possibly draining freon from chillers which cooled
        the World Trade Center, officials said. The work will mirror
        a similar project conducted in early December on a larger chiller
        complex that was located between Towers One and Two, said Matthew
        Monahan, a spokesman for the city Department of Design and Construction.
        The work is described as delicate because freon can be dangerous.
        As one Ground Zero worker put it last week, &quot;Freon displaces
        oxygen so it's something that can put you down pretty quickly.&quot;
        <A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-zero0319.story?coll=ny%2Dnynews%2Dheadlines"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Newsday, March 19)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Return of WTC Cars Hits
        EPA Roadblock</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        Concerns about asbestos-tainted dust have slammed the brakes
        on the city's plan to return hundreds of cars towed from streets
        around the World Trade Center to their owners. <B><I>For the
        full text of this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News, </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-march-News.html#anchor578968">click
        here,</A> or to view it on the newspaper's own website click
        on: &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-03-18/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-144749.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, March 18)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Ground Zero Contamination
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; National Public
        Radio speaks to Eric Goldstein of the Natural Resources Defense
        Council and New York Daily News columnist Juan Gonzalez about
        the serious health issues caused by debris from the World Trade
        Center collapse. The two are concerned not only for the safety
        of New Yorkers but also by the conduct of some government agencies
        which they charge did not properly inform the public about the
        health risks. (March 11) <A HREF="http://www.npr.org/news/specials/sixmonths/index.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> <BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Toxic WTC Cars Set for
        Pickup</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; For
        sale: Chevy Malibu. Two years old. A few dents. Auto transmission.
        No A/C. Well &#151; actually there is air conditioning, but if
        you turn it on, asbestos will blow in your face. The city is
        preparing to return hundreds of vehicles coated in toxic dust
        from the World Trade Center to their owners this month &#151;
        which could cause problems for used-car buyers. The Daily News
        has learned that random tests done on the cars show that as much
        as 3% of the dust is asbestos &#151; more than three times the
        level that triggers federal cleanup rules. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-03-08/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-143745.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, March 8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH Proposes Program
        for Local Government to Protect Workers and Residents in Lower
        Manhattan from Contaminated Air, Offers City Council Hearing
        Detailed Criticism of Official Inaction. </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/CityCouncilHearingMar8.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A><B><I>&nbsp;</I></B>(March
        8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC Health Van Closes
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I> </I></B>More
        than 400 day laborers, building maintenance workers and housekeepers
        who were examined at a Ground Zero medical van are suffering
        nearly identical symptoms of respiratory distress related to
        toxic substances in World Trade Center dust and debris. The preliminary
        results came Friday from medical staff of the mobile unit on
        their last day of operation. <B><I>For the full text of this
        article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT COLOR="#ff0000"
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> click here, or to view it on the newspaper's own
        website click on: </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"> (Newsday, March 2, 2002)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">OSHA Institutes Local
        Emphasis Program Near Ground Zero; Says WTC Dust Must Be Presumed
        to Contain Asbestos</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Reacting to widespread criticism that employers are exposing
        WTC-vicinity clean-up workers to toxic dust and other hazards,
        OSHA adopted a new policy for targeting lower Manhattan employers
        in late January. <A HREF="../Update12_Jan-Mar_2002.html#anchor334196"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (NYCOSH Update on Safety
        and Health, March 1)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH Testifies at EPA
        Ombudsman Hearing in Manhattan</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151;</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The
        controversy about environmental contamination in and around the
        World Trade Center site was the subject of a February 23 hearing
        in New York City sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection
        Agency Ombudsman. <A HREF="../Update12_Jan-Mar_2002.html#anchor361110"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (NYCOSH Update on Safety
        and Health, March 1)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Fear Spreads Over Exposure
        to WTC Dust: Mechanics Who Worked on Fire Trucks and Ambulances
        are Worried About Asbestos Contamination</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; At the two city facilities where
        fire engines and city ambulances are brought for repairs, the
        mechanics are angry -- and scared. &quot;The vehicles that came
        into our shop were caked with that stuff,&quot; said a Staten
        Islander who works in the Long Island City garage. &quot;It was
        packed into the air filters, the air hoses, the heating ducts,
        everywhere. When we'd clean the crap off there'd be these fine
        clouds of dust wafting around the shop. And we were there breathing
        it in. <A HREF="http://www.silive.com/news/advance/index.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/news/1014909303310433.xml"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Staten Island Advance, March
        February 28)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC Air Quality Questioned
        at Hearing</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        (United Press International, February 24) &#151; The controversy
        swirling around the environmental contamination in and around
        where the World Trade Center once stood continued in a hearing
        in New York City sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection
        Agency's ombudsman's office. <A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-february-News.html#anchor80447"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH
        Testimony at the EPA Ombudsman Investigative Hearing on the Environmental
        and Public Health Impact of the World Trade Center Attack</FONT></I></B><FONT
         COLOR="#000000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">, February 23 </FONT><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/EPAOmbudsHearingFeb23.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA Ombudsman: Respirators
        Needed At Ground Zero</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; (Newsday, February 23) &#151; Residents, workers and Ground
        Zero platform visitors should wear respirators because of toxic
        air around the World Trade Center site, the federal Environmental
        Protection Agency's ombudsman plans to tell a Manhattan hearing
        Saturday. The advice contradicts recommendations from EPA head
        Christie Todd Whitman, city health officials and other experts
        who say only Ground Zero workers require a respirator. Those
        officials say some tests shortly after Sept. 11 showed dangerous
        levels of asbestos and other contaminants but air samples since
        then have been more reassuring. <A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-air0223a.story?coll=ny%2Dnynews%2Dheadlines"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Breathing the Air Downtown
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; Recent hearings
        and analyses of air quality near the site of the World Trade
        Center collapse have produced some encouraging findings. The
        most reasonable judgment at this point is that the outside air
        in Lower Manhattan is safe to breathe and that indoor spaces
        that have been properly cleaned are fine as well. The main concern
        is a few hot spots outdoors and whether some apartments or offices
        need a better cleaning than they have previously received. <A
        HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/22/opinion/_22FRI2.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (New York Times Editorial,
        February 22)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Agency May Gauge Indoor
        Air Downtown</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        (Daily News, February 22) &#151; Swamped with complaints about
        health concerns from people living near Ground Zero, the state-city
        agency overseeing the rebuilding of lower Manhattan is considering
        establishing a standard to determine when air in apartments is
        safe to breathe. &quot;Indoor air quality is the primary concern
        for the residents,&quot; Paul Crotty, a board member of the Lower
        Manhattan Development Corp., said yesterday. Crotty, a liaison
        to the board's residents advisory panel, said the agency should
        consider hiring a consultant to &quot;harmonize&quot; standards
        for indoor air quality. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-02-22/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-142272.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYC Sanitation Department
        Admits It Was Slow on Respirators: Crews at Ground Zero and Fresh
        Kills Landfill Were Not Given Best Safeguards in Early Days of
        Cleanup</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Staten
        Island Advance, February 19) &#151; Sanitation officials now
        acknowledge that some workers at the Fresh Kills landfill and
        Ground Zero did not have respirators as they handled World Trade
        Center debris. More than a dozen Sanitation workers and heavy
        equipment operators claimed they worked for weeks without proper
        safety gear, allegations the Advance first reported Feb. 4. Sanitation
        officials initially denied they'd failed to give workers respirators
        just after the disaster. Sanitation spokesman Al Ferguson on
        Feb. 4 asserted in a written statement that workers &quot;received
        respirators the first day of work.&quot; <B><I>For the full text
        of this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> click here, or to view it on the newspaper's
        own website click on: </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A
        HREF="http://www.silive.com/news/advance/index.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/news/10141281033235519.xml"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
        </A></FONT><BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Emergency Response: Experts
        Train in West Virginia for Crises in Subways</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Daily News, February 17) &#151;
        A half-mile inside a West Virginia mountain, in a mining town
        with no mass transit, the Defense Department is preparing for
        a deadly terrorist attack on New York City's subway system. Behind
        thick layers of Appalachian rock, rescuers in lime- green hazardous
        materials suits are crawling through narrow voids in an avalanche
        of concrete and steel. &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-02-17/News_and_Views/Beyond_the_City/a-141699.asp?last6days=1"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">OSHA Starts Random Inspections
        Near Ground Zero</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; (OccupationalHazards.com, February 13) &#151; Amid continuing
        complaints that local and federal officials are not doing enough
        to protect workers in the area adjacent to the World Trade Center
        (WTC), recently Pat Clark, OSHA's Region Two director, announced
        the agency would begin a local emphasis program (LEP) in Lower
        Manhattan. Local groups such as the New York Committee for Occupational
        Safety and Health (NYCOSH) have charged that many workers cleaning
        up debris inside buildings near the former WTC are not wearing
        respirators and other personal protective equipment (PPE), despite
        the presence of asbestos and other hazards in the material they
        are removing. &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.occupationalhazards.com/news/news_loader.asp?articleID=47245"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Greenpeace concerned about
        WTC steel for India</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Environmental activists are concerned about the potential
        contamination of almost 30,000 tons of steel scrap from the World
        Trade Center wreckage exported to Sabari Exim Private Ltd. in
        Chennai. Trade union and environmental groups say if the rest
        of the debris from Ground Zero gives an indication, WTC scrap
        may be contaminated with carcinogenic asbestos, polychlorinated
        biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, mercury, lead and other toxic or dangerous
        substances. <A HREF="http://www.indypress.org/vtmbh/news28.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (India Post New Service,
        February 15)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">New York City Air Hazards
        Found: EPA Assurances Contradicted by University of California
        Scientists</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        (Sacramento Bee, February 12) &#151; An independent analysis
        of air around Ground Zero shows the collapse of the World Trade
        Center towers spewed enormous amounts of potentially lethal,
        extremely tiny particles unrecognized by the U.S. Environmental
        Protection Agency's air monitoring. The ominous findings by scientists
        at the University of California, Davis, contradict repeated assurances
        by EPA Administrator Christie Whitman that the air around the
        wreckage largely was safe to breathe. &quot;They had an unprecedented
        situation, and they applied the usual approaches,&quot; said
        Thomas Cahill, a physicist and international authority on air
        pollution who led the study. He released early results Monday
        that showed lung-penetrating pollutants in startling concentrations,
        about 500 times more than what's in the air on the smoggiest
        days in the Sacramento Valley. &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.sacbee.com/content/news/story/1622685p-1698856c.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
        </A></FONT><BR>
        <LI><A HREF="http://clinton.senate.gov/~clinton/news/2002/02/2002212A17.html"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Senator Clinton Outlines 5-Point Plan
        to Address Ground Zero Air Quality Concerns</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Press release, February 11)
        &#151; At a February 11 Senate field hearing in lower Manhattan,
        Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton outlined a 5-point plan to address
        Ground Zero air quality concerns. The plan includes:</FONT>
        <UL>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Passage of legislation to establish
          a permanent health monitoring system at disaster sites;</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Funding for long-term health
          registry to monitor Ground Zero workers and those who live, go
          to school, and work in lower Manhattan;</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Establishment of a World Trade
          Center indoor air program to provide more information about the
          testing, monitoring, and cleaning of office buildings, residences,
          and schools in lower <BR>
          Manhattan;</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Creation of a World Trade Center
          site clean air initiative to reduce harmful emissions from construction
          equipment;</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Application of lessons learned
          about air quality at Ground Zero to our homeland security plan,
          so that the nation can be better prepared to deal with potential
          future disasters.<BR>
<BR>
          </FONT>
        </UL>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.upi.com/view.cfm?StoryID=12022002-012613-3816r"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">EPA accused of inaction at WTC</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (United Press International,
        February 12) &#151; At an emotional hearing Monday in Manhattan,
        Rep. Jerrold Nadler, D-N.Y., charged the Environmental Protection
        Agency has &quot;created a full-scale crisis of public confidence
        by not testing indoor areas&quot; following the terrorist attacks.
        &quot;It has now been exactly five months since the terrorist
        attacks and, unfortunately, the people in Lower Manhattan still
        do not know whether or not it is safe to live and work in the
        area,&quot; said Nadler. &quot;The Environmental Protection Agency
        has failed in its mission to protect human health and to safeguard
        the natural environment by not exercising its full authority
        to test and clean all indoor spaces where people live and work.&quot;<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/today/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-141107.asp"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Casting a Dark Cloud Over City, EPA</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Daily News, February 12) &#151;
        On Sept. 18, just one week after the World Trade Center collapse,
        tens of thousands of office workers near Ground Zero were given
        the go-ahead by federal and local safety officials to return
        to their jobs. At the time, our government leaders wanted to
        return to normal as soon as possible, and especially wanted to
        reopen the nation's critical financial markets. On that day,
        they got their wish when Christie Whitman, administrator of the
        federal Environmental Protection Agency, placed her stamp of
        approval on the quality of the air over lower Manhattan. &quot;I
        am glad to reassure the people of New York ... that their air
        is safe to breathe and their water is safe to drink,&quot; Whitman
        announced.<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-air0212.story?coll=ny%2Dnynews%2Dheadlines"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Rep. Jerrold Nadler Slams EPA on Air
        Testing</FONT></I></B></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; (Associated
        Press, February 11) &#151; U.S. Rep. Jerrold Nadler charged today
        that the federal Environmental Protection Agency created &quot;a
        full-scale crisis of public confidence&quot; by assuring New
        Yorkers that the air was safe to breathe after Sept. 11. Nadler,
        D-N.Y., testified at a Senate subcommittee hearing on air quality
        in Lower Manhattan. He said EPA Administrator Christie Whitman
        misled the public when she said on Sept. 18 that she was &quot;glad
        to reassure the people of New York that ... their air is safe
        to breathe and their water is safe to drink.&quot;<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/default.lasso?-database=news_db.fmp_&-layout=news_detail&-response=search/news_detail.lasso&-logicalOp=or&-recordID=38684&-search"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Trade Center Air Held Unprecedented Amounts
        of Very Fine Particles, Silicon, Sulfates, Metals, Say UC Davis
        Scientists</FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151;
        (University of California press release, February 11) &#151;
        In the most thorough analysis yet of the dust and smoke blown
        through lower Manhattan after the collapse of the World Trade
        Center, researchers at the University of California, Davis, today
        described unprecedented clouds of very fine particles that should
        be considered in evaluating rescue workers' and residents' health
        problems. Based on their findings, the UC Davis researchers also
        recommended specific cleaning methods for contaminated apartments,
        offices, schools and other indoor spaces. &quot;No one has ever
        reported a situation like the one we see in the World Trade Center
        samples,&quot; said UC Davis researcher Thomas Cahill, Ph.D.,
        an international authority on the constituents and transport
        of airborne particles. &quot;The air from Ground Zero was laden
        with extremely high amounts of very small particles, probably
        associated with high temperatures in the underground debris pile.
        Normally, in New York City and in most of the world, situations
        like this just don't exist.&quot;<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://home.post-dispatch.com/channel/pdweb.nsf/6e56f5328304fd5685256a0f005ed358/86256a0e0068fe5086256b5c003ff751?OpenDocument"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Roiling Dust Cloud Filled USGS Scientists
        with a Sense of Urgency </FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;(St.
        Louis Post-Dispatch, February 10) &#151; Chemists, geophysicists,
        astrophysicists and other scientists cloistered in the sprawling
        U.S. Geological Survey complex here are not emergency responders.
        Their work is detailed, methodical, with little room for haste
        or need for spontaneity. They track water poisoned by mining,
        search for cracks in the Earth's crust, and explore for minerals
        on Mars and Saturn. But when a terrorist attack leveled the World
        Trade Center on Sept. 11, that all changed. </FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><A NAME="anchor63880"></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Government
        Withhold Data on Dangers in NYC Dust</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, February 10)
        &#151; Even as the dust from the collapsed World Trade Center
        was still settling, top government scientists were determining
        that the smoky gray mixture was highly corrosive and potentially
        a serious danger to health. The U.S. Geological Survey team found
        that some of the dust was as caustic as liquid drain cleaner
        and alerted all government agencies involved in the emergency
        response. But many of those on the front lines of protecting
        the health of the public and workers cleaning up the site say
        they never got the information. <B><I>For the full text of this
        article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT COLOR="#ff0000"
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> click here, or to view it on the newspaper's own
        website click on: </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A
        HREF="http://home.post-dispatch.com/channel/pdweb.nsf/6e56f5328304fd5685256a0f005ed358/86256a0e0068fe5086256b5c003f87ac?OpenDocument"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://wcbs880.com/StoryFolder/story_1916912943_html"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYC Faces Trade Center Lawsuits: Firefighters,
        Property Owners Among Those Suing City For $7 Billion</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Associated Press, February 8)
        &#151; From rescue workers who say they have lung problems to
        business owners who say their shops were damaged, 1,300 people
        have given notice they may sue the city for a total of $7.18
        billion over the aftermath of the World Trade Center attack.
        The claims involve injuries or damage caused not by the attack
        itself but by the alleged negligence of the city during the recovery
        and cleanup. The vast majority are from firefighters who say
        the city gave them inadequate respiratory protection at the smoldering
        trade center site. <BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/02/07/usat-wtc-acov.htm#more"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Anxieties over toxins rise at Ground
        Zero</FONT></I></B></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I> </I></B>(USA Today, February
        7)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.silive.com/news/advance/index.ssf?/xml/story.ssf/html_standard.xsl?/base/news/10128321033200313.xml"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NY City Workers Didn't Get Respirators:
        State Probing Health Practices at Landfill, where Workers Say
        the Lack of Safety Equipment Early in WTC Clean-Up Has Left Them
        with Health Problems</FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151;&nbsp;(Staten Island Advance, February 4) <BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www6.law.com/lawcom/displayid.cfm?statename=NY&docnum=109150&table=news&flag=full"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Legal Aid Office Adjacent to World Trade
        Center Contaminated</FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; (New York Law Journal, February 1) &#151; Legal Aid Society's
        offices, adjacent to the destroyed World Trade Center, are so
        contaminated with asbestos, mercury and other poisons that the
        building's interior will have to be stripped to the slab, cleaned
        and rebuilt.</FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor226449">click
      here</A>.<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor802797"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">COMPENSATION
      LINKS</FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">9/11 Workers' Comp Claims
        Hit 5,800 </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        The state has fielded 5,800 claims for workers' compensation
        in connection with the World Trade Center attacks, and still
        more are expected. <A HREF="http://www.nydailynews.com/2002-04-24/News_and_Views/City_Beat/a-148700.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Daily News, April 24)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Bill: Workers' Comp For
        WTC Laborers</FONT></I></B> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        Albany - A new bill in the State Legislature would extend workers'
        compensation benefits to rescue and recovery personnel at the
        World Trade Center in an effort to deal with any long-term health
        affects from debris.</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&quot;All
        those clean-up workers are experiencing these other-than-normal
        infections, and it was the result of some unique work,&quot;
        said State Sen. Guy Velella, (R-Bronx) chairman of the Senate's
        labor committee. &quot;If they do happen to be contaminated,
        they should certainly be covered.&quot; <B><I>For the full text
        of this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News, </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-april-News.html#anchor34698">click
        here</A>. (Associated Press, April 8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Helping Handbook: Legal
        Resources for Families of Victims of the World Trade Center Disaster
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">(Association of the
        Bar of the City of New York, March 2002) <IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
        WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><A
        HREF="http://www.mofo.com/about/pbhandbook/handbook/HHandbook.pdf"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">September 11th Victim
        Compensation Fund of 2001; Law, Final Rule and Other Documents
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; (U.S. Department
        of Justice, March 7, 2002)<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B> <A HREF="http://www.usdoj.gov/victimcompensation/civil_01.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Are Toxic Lawsuits in
        the Air After Sept. 11? Federal fund may provide little help</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; At the same time that the Justice
        Department puts the finishing touches on a controversial program
        to compensate families of Sept. 11 victims, lawyers are starting
        to ask about another group of potential victims: What happens
        to the unknown number of people who may become ill from breathing
        toxic chemicals thrown into the air by the collapse and cleanup
        of New York's World Trade Center? The question is the focus of
        urgent scientific study, with little consensus so far. And lawyers
        say the legal picture is just as cloudy. While a handful of people
        will be able to make claims on the federal fund, many more do
        not qualify, at least as the current rules stand. <A HREF="http://www.law.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic+FTContentServer?pagename=law/View&c=Article&cid=ZZZ27EMCWXC&live=true&cst=1&pc=0&pa=0"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (National Law Journal, February
        20)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH Comment Concerning
        Interim Final Rules of the September 11th Victim Compensation
        Fund of September 11 </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        Anyone who sustained a disabling injury as a result of the September
        11 attack ought to be eligible for federal compensation. It is
        completely unreasonable to deny such compensation to anyone who
        sustained a disabling injury, but did not obtain medical services
        within 24 hours of being injured. <A HREF="http://www.usdoj.gov/victimcompensation/interim/njan24/N002010.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor227355">click
      here</A>.<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor803377"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">GOVERNMENT
      RESOURCES LINKS</FONT><FONT SIZE="+0" FACE="Arial"> <I>(FOR OFFICIAL
      INFORMATION ON A SINGLE SUBJECT, SUCH AS ASBESTOS OR COMPENSATION,
      SEE THE SUBJECT)<BR>
      </I></FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Lower Manhattan Dust Cleanup
        <A HREF="http://www.epa.gov/nyrdust2/dustcleanup/index_sp.html">[En
        Espa&ntilde;ol]</A></FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Lower Manhattan residents who live south of Canal, Allen
        and Pike Streets can request cleaning and/or testing from the
        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They can also be
        reimbursed up to $300 by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
        (FEMA) for the purchase of a HEPA filter vacuum. Requests for
        these services can be registered via the <A HREF="http://www.epa.gov/nyrdust2/dustcleanup/">EPA
        Web page</A> or by calling EPA's World Trade Center hotline,
        1-877-796-5471. <A HREF="http://www.epa.gov/nyrdust2/dustcleanup/"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (EPA Press Release)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Protecting Workers at
        the World Trade Center Site: Response from the National Institute
        for Occupational Safety and Health</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; The terrorist attacks of September 11,
        2001 exposed rescue and recovery workers to unprecedented levels
        of risk for job-related injury, illness, and death. The National
        Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a part
        of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
        responded swiftly to address workers' needs in the aftermath
        of the attacks. NIOSH quickly sent to Ground Zero dozens of staff
        who applied their technical expertise to help meet immediate
        worker protection needs. Also, by helping workers and supervisors
        build their own safety and health capacity, NIOSH was able to
        enhance safety at the sprawling site. In the aftermath, NIOSH
        is working with its partners to address concerns about potential
        long-term effects on workers' health and to help protect workers
        in the event of future emergencies. <A HREF="http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/02-143.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Comprehensive Plan to
        Address the Concerns of Lower Manhattan Residents about the Impacts
        of the WTC Collapse on Indoor Air Quality</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; EPA and its federal, state and
        city partners have announced a comprehensive plan to ensure that
        apartments impacted by the collapse of the World Trade Center
        have been properly cleaned. The plan -- covering Manhattan residential
        units south of Canal Street and the Manhattan Bridge approach,
        river to river -- was developed by the multi-agency Task Force
        on Indoor Air in Lower Manhattan created by EPA Administrator
        Christie Whitman. <A HREF="http://www.epa.gov/wtc/"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp;(EPA
        announcement, May 8)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NIOSH Air Sample Results
        for the World Trade Center Disaster Response</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; From September 18 through October
        4, 2001, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        (NIOSH) personnel (and contractors) collected air samples in
        areas immediately adjacent to the debris pile and on personnel
        actively involved in rescue efforts on or in the vicinity of
        the debris pile to characterize occupational exposures during
        the disaster response at the World Trade Center site in New York
        City, NY. This report is a compilation of sampling efforts that
        were undertaken over the course of providing technical assistance
        to the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH), and were
        used to identify potential hazards and to recommend appropriate
        protective measures where needed for the workers whose exposures
        were sampled. <A HREF="http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/wtcsampres.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (NIOSH website, May 1)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Statement by Speaker Sheldon
        Silver at Assembly Hearing on Concerns of Residents and Workers
        Regarding Air Quality in Lower Manhattan</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The September 11 attack on New
        York -- an enormous tragedy on so many levels -- was without
        question, an unprecedented environmental disaster. Dust from
        the collapsed tower buildings, the fires that burned at Ground
        Zero for so long, the diesel engines being used in the cleanup
        effort have, as we know from independent studies, added a variety
        of potentially lethal substances - including mercury, lead, asbestos
        and pulverized glass - to the air that we breathe.<A HREF="http://assembly.state.ny.us/Press/20020412a/"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Press release, April 12)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Rep. Jerrold Nadler Gives
        <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/Nadler-Apr12-testimony.html">Testimony</A>
        at April 12 New York State Assembly Hearing on Lower Manhattan
        Air Quality, Releases <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/EPA%20White%20Paper%20Final%204_12.pdf">Revised
        Version of White Paper on Lower Manhattan Air Quality,</A> April
        12. </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
        WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A NAME="anchor116039"></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">National
        Ombudsman World Trade Center Hazardous Waste Case - Findings
        to Date, Recommendations to Date, and Second Round of Interrogatories
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; Memo to EPA
        Region II Administrator <IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif" WIDTH="40"
        HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><A
        HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/Ombudsman_Findings_WTC.pdf"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>
        (March 27)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">New York OSHA E-Newsletter
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; <IMG SRC="../images/acroicon.gif"
        WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><A
        HREF="../OSHA-nys-newsletter1-1.pdf"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
        </A>Vol. 1, Issue 1 Contents:</FONT>
        <UL>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The R.A.'s Corner</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">WTC OSHA Facts</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">OSHA's Manhattan Area Office:
          People Safe, Office Lost</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">New OSHA Recordkeeping Rule
          Is in Effect</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">OSHA's Steel Erection Standard</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">World Trade Center Disaster:
          What is OSHA's Role?</FONT>
          <LI><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">OSHA Identifies New York Workplaces
          with Highest Injury and Illness Rates <BR>
<BR>
<BR>
          </FONT>
        </UL>
        <LI><A NAME="anchor218266"></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">U.S.
        Rep. Nadler Criticizes EPA's Continued Evasion of Cleanup Responsibility</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) today
        rebuked the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for its continued
        evasion of its responsibility to act in accordance with laws
        and policies mandating it to clean up sites contaminated by acts
        of terrorism and its disregard for the residents of Lower Manhattan.
        In response to a <A HREF="#anchor46543">press release</A> issued
        today by the agency, Rep. Nadler again called on the EPA to &quot;come
        clean about its utterly inadequate response and proceed swiftly
        to clean up both the inside and outside of buildings in Lower
        Manhattan.&quot; <BR>
<BR>
        The EPA press release announced that New York City Department
        of Environmental Protection (DEP), with EPA guidance, will remove
        debris from rooftops and facades. The agencies also announced
        that they &quot;will work to build on an indoor air study conducted
        in November and December.&quot; When contacted, the EPA did not
        provide immediate details on how the indoor air study will be
        expanded. <BR>
<BR>
        &quot;Once again, the EPA is ignoring indoor areas where people
        live and work. As for the indoor air study, we have yet to learn
        the details of what was done in November and December, let alone
        what will be done today,&quot; said Rep. Nadler. &quot;I fail
        to see why the EPA needs to do a study anyway, when it is clear
        from the National Contingency Plan and from Presidential Directives
        that the EPA has the mandate to coordinate all response efforts
        taken to remediate hazardous materials, including contamination
        inside buildings.&quot; <BR>
<BR>
        &quot;I cannot understand why the Administration is letting the
        plight of the residents of Ground Zero fall on deaf ears,&quot;
        he added. <BR>
<BR>
        The National Contingency Plan is authorized by the CERCLA statute
        (42 USC &sect;9604), and provides the framework for EPA's response
        to the release of hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants.<BR>
<BR>
        Commenting on EPA Regional Administrator Kenny's statement in
        the press release that &quot;Actions speak louder than words...&quot;
        Rep. Nadler said, &quot;When it comes to the needs of the residents
        and workers who have been victims of the terrorist attack, the
        EPA refuses even to mouth the right words, let alone perform
        any actions on indoor environments that would ensure the health
        and safety of people living and working in and around Ground
        Zero.&quot; <BR>
<BR>
        Rep. Nadler pointed out that in a speech delivered by EPA Administrator
        Christine Todd Whitman in November 2001, she acknowledged the
        EPA's responsibility for cleanup of buildings contaminated in
        a terrorist attack. <BR>
<BR>
        Under the Presidential Decision Directive 62, signed by then-President
        Clinton in 1998, she said, &quot;the EPA is assigned lead responsibility
        for cleaning up buildings and other sites contaminated by chemical
        or biological agents as a result of an act of terrorism.&quot;
<BR>
<BR>
        &quot;If Administrator Whitman was so clear on the duties and
        responsibilities in November 2001, why did she not enforce them
        two months earlier, and why does the EPA continue to shirk its
        duties more than six months after the attack,&quot; asked Rep.
        Nadler.<BR>
<BR>
        Rep. Nadler was elected to Congress in 1992. He represents the
        8th Congressional District in New York, which includes parts
        of Manhattan and Brooklyn, including the area now known as Ground
        Zero. (Office of Rep. Jerrold Nadler Press Release, March 25)</FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><A NAME="anchor46543"></A><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Federal,
        State And City Agencies Announce Actions For Lower Manhattan
        Air Quality </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I>
        </I></B>Today the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along
        with New York City and other federal and state agencies, announced
        additional actions to address outdoor and indoor air quality.
        As part of the overall effort to continue to protect air quality,
        DEP will remove residual debris from rooftops and facades with
        EPA's guidance. OSHA will work in a coordinated effort with the
        City and EPA to ensure the safety and health of the workers performing
        this cleaning. <BR>
<BR>
        EPA and New York City will expand the program to remove residual
        debris from rooftops and facades around the World Trade Center
        site. In addition, agencies will work to build on an indoor air
        study conducted in November and December. These actions are a
        result of the collaborative efforts of the EPA Administrator
        Christie Whitman's Task Force on Indoor Air and New York City
        Mayor Michael Bloomberg's Lower Manhattan Air Quality Task Force.<BR>
<BR>
        &quot;Actions speak louder than words, and these actions will
        help increase confidence about outdoor and indoor air quality,&quot;
        said Jane Kenny, EPA Regional Administrator. &quot;We have been
        working hand-in-hand with the city to resolve the public's health
        concerns.&quot;<BR>
<BR>
        &quot;I am extremely pleased that EPA continues to work with
        the City to address concerns regarding air quality in Lower Manhattan,&quot;
        said incoming DEP Commissioner Christopher Ward. <BR>
<BR>
        Tests conducted since September 11th have indicated that there
        is no evidence of significant long-term health risks to residents
        and office workers from the air quality in Lower Manhattan. Inspectors
        from the City and EPA have surveyed area rooftops and facades
        identifying buildings where residual debris remains. As removal
        of debris from the World Trade Center site nears completion,
        City, State and Federal agencies are committed to continuing
        to protect and improve the downtown environment.<BR>
<BR>
        City, state and federal health and environmental agencies are
        working collaboratively to continue to assess the cleaning that
        was conducted and determine testing criteria. Building on earlier
        tests, EPA will conduct field work to assess cleanup techniques
        and provide information for ongoing cleaning. The Agency for
        Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, with support from the
        New York City Department of Health and EPA, is planning to expand
        the indoor air study conducted in December 2001.<BR>
<BR>
        As these projects are developed, the Federal Emergency Management
        Agency (FEMA) will fund components that are eligible under its
        programs. As the agency responsible for coordinating federal
        assistance in support of the city's long term recovery efforts,
        FEMA is working closely with all concerned agencies.<BR>
<BR>
        Both the EPA and New York City Task Forces will work cooperatively
        to continue to protect air quality. The Lower Manhattan Air Quality
        Hotline (212-221-8635) will continue to be the principal point
        of information dissemination to businesses, residents and visitors
        regarding air quality and environmental issues in and around
        the World Trade Center site. The City's Task Force will also
        coordinate additional community outreach and local initiatives
        as part of the broader effort to build public confidence in the
        downtown environment. <BR>
<BR>
        For more information, call the City's Lower Manhattan Air Quality
        Hotline at 212-221-8635 between 11:00 am and 7:00 pm Monday through
        Friday. In addition, information can be found on EPA's web site
        at: <A HREF="http://www.epa.gov/">www.epa.gov;</A> OSHA's web
        site at: www.osha.gov; NYC DOH's web site at: <A HREF="http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/home.html">www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/home.htm;</A>
        and NYCDEP's web site at:<BR>
        <A HREF="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/airmonit.html">www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/airmonit.html.</A>
        (EPA Press Release, March 25)<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Report Offers Guidance
        and Recommendations on Safety of Emergency Responders in Terrorist
        Events </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; Many
        emergency response workers do not believe that they are adequately
        prepared to respond to a major disaster such as the World Trade
        Center attack or the anthrax scare, according to a new report
        of worker input funded by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control
        and Prevention's (CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety
        and Health (NIOSH), published March 21. <A HREF="http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emrandrpt.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Rep. Nadler Issues First
        'White Paper' on Disgraceful and Illegal EPA Response to Post-9/11
        Air Quality Issues in Lower Manhattan: Demands New Information
        from EPA Administrator Whitman and Announces EPA National Ombudsman's
        Second Investigative Hearing</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.house.gov/nadler/Mar13_WhitePaperRelease.htm"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (March 13)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Recommendations for Motorists
        in the Area Affected by the World Trade Center Disaster </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; NYCOSH <B><I>strongly</I></B>
        recommends against following the advice in this undated document
        published by the New York City Department of Health. It is dangerous
        for anyone and illegal for an employer to direct an employee
        to clean up asbestos-contaminated dust inside a car while wearing
        &quot;a dust mask, preferably one that is double-banded.&quot;
        &nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/alerts/wtc7.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-february-News.html#anchor45893"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Impact of the September 11th Attack on
        Air Quality and Public Health in Lower Manhattan</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; Testimony of Rep. Jerrold Nadler,
        February 11, 2002<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="../Response_to_NYCDOH.html"><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">NYCOSH Response to NYC Department of Health Feb.
        8 press release:</FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &quot;Findings from Indoor Air Sampling in Lower Manhattan&quot;
        <I>(there is a link to the NYCDOH press release immediately below)<BR>
<BR>
        </I></FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/public/press02/pr08-208.html"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYC Department of Health Presents Findings
        from Indoor Air Sampling in Lower Manhattan</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">:</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        Analysis of Air Samples Taken from Residential Buildings in Lower
        Manhattan Indicates No Elevation of Asbestos in Air. Low Levels
        of Asbestos and Some Fiberglass Found in Dust Samples. DOH Reminds
        Residents of Importance of Cleaning to Reduce Dust. (NYCDOH Press
        Office, February 8)</FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor227797">click
      here</A>.<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor261200"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">NEWS FEATURES</FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Characterization of the
        Dust/Smoke Aerosol that Settled East of the World Trade Center
        (WTC) in Lower Manhattan after the Collapse of the WTC 11 September
        2001</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The explosion
        and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic
        event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers,
        residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September
        2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke
        were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC
        on 16 and 17 September 2001; these samples are representative
        of the generated material that settled immediately after the
        explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures.
        We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle size,
        for inorganic and organic composition. In the inorganic analyses,
        we identified metals, radionuclides, ionic species, asbestos,
        and inorganic species. In the organic analyses, we identified
        polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls,
        polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
        pesticides, phthalate esters, brominated diphenyl ethers, and
        other hydrocarbons. Each sample had a basic pH. Asbestos levels
        ranged from 0.8% to 3.0% of the mass, the PAHs were &gt; 0.1%
        of the mass, and lead ranged from 101 to 625 &micro;g/g. The
        content and distribution of material was indicative of a complex
        mixture of building debris and combustion products in the resulting
        plume. These three samples were composed primarily of construction
        materials, soot, paint (leaded and unleaded), and glass fibers
        (mineral wool and fiberglass). Levels of hydrocarbons indicated
        unburned or partially burned jet fuel, plastic, cellulose, and
        other materials that were ignited by the fire. In morphologic
        analyses we found that a majority of the mass was fibrous and
        composed of many types of fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass,
        asbestos, wood, paper, and cotton). The particles were separated
        into size classifications by gravimetric and aerodynamic methods.
        Material &lt; 2.5 &micro;m in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98%
        of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were &gt;
        53 &micro;m in diameter. The results obtained from these samples
        can be used to understand the contact and types of exposures
        to this unprecedented complex mixture experienced by the surviving
        residents, commuters, and rescue workers directly affected by
        the plume from 11 to 12 September and the evaluations of any
        acute or long-term health effects from resuspendable dust and
        smoke to the residents, commuters, and local workers, as well
        as from the materials released after 11 September until the fires
        were extinguished. Further, these results support the need to
        have the interior of residences, buildings, and their respective
        HVAC systems professionally cleaned to reduce long-term residential
        risks before rehabitation. <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/lioy-EHP-6-02.PDF"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Environmental Health Perspectives,
        July 2002)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Occupational Exposures
        to Air Contaminants at the World Trade Center Disaster Site,
        New York, September - October, 2001</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; Amid concerns about the fires and suspected
        presence of toxic materials in the rubble pile following the
        collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) buildings on September
        11, 2001, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) asked
        CDC for assistance in evaluating occupational exposures at the
        site. CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
        (NIOSH) collected general area (GA) and personal breathing zone
        (PBZ) air samples for numerous potential air contaminants. This
        report summarizes the results of the assessment, which indicate
        that most exposures, including asbestos, did not exceed NIOSH
        recommended exposure limits (RELs) or Occupational Safety and
        Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limits (PELs).
        <A HREF="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a1.htm"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Morbidity and Mortality
        Weekly Report, May 31) <BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Cleaning Up After 9/11:
        Respirators, Power and Politics</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial"> &#151; Under the extraordinary pressures of the
        World Trade Center rescue and cleanup operations, was worker
        health added to the list of victims? The Sept. 11 attack on the
        World Trade Center horrified the nation and the world: 2,800
        civilians died in the conflagration, and the subsequent collapse
        of the WTC buildings created what was probably the most dangerous
        emergency response, rescue and recovery effort in U.S. history.
        This disaster and the ensuing fires released thousands of tons
        of matter - much of it hazardous - into the atmosphere. As the
        horrors of that day recede, many in the safety and health community
        are taking a closer look at how well workers were protected as
        they labored near the former WTC. <B><I>For the full text of
        this article, reproduced as part of </I></B></FONT><B><I><FONT
         COLOR="#ff0000" SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">NYCOSH in the News,</FONT><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"><A
        HREF="../NYCOSHNews/2002-april-News.html#anchor292010">click
        here</A>, or to view it on the magazine's own website click on:
        <A HREF="http://www.occupationalhazards.com/news/news_loader.asp?articleid=49664"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Occupational Hazards, May
        10)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">World Trade Center Worker
        and Environmental Health and Safety Issues </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; A presentation by NYCOSH Industrial
        Hygienist Dave Newman at the March 14, 2002, Hunter College conference
        &quot;The Public Health Impact of September 11th.&quot; <A HREF="http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/health/uph/911/newman/newman.htm"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Lower Manhattan Occupational
        &amp; Environmental Health Concerns in the Aftermath of the Attack
        on the WTC </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        NYCOSH testimony to the New York City Council Joint Meeting of
        Committees on Health, the Environment, and Lower Manhattan Redevelopment,
        March 8, 2002 <A HREF="http://landofpuregold.com/truth47.htm"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/4/katz-a.html"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Toxic Haste: New York's Media Rush to
        Judgment on New York's Air </FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">&#151; (American Prospect, February 25) <BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The Environmental Impacts
        of the World Trade Center Attacks: A Preliminary Assessment</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; (Natural Resources Defense Council,
        February) &#151; The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on
        the World Trade Center constitute perhaps the worst episode in
        the history of New York City. The death toll of nearly 3,000
        persons is greater by far than any other New York calamity. Indeed,
        with the exception of the Civil War battle of Antietam, more
        lives were lost on September 11th than on any other day in the
        nation's history. September 11th also caused huge economic dislocations
        to the city and the nation. According to the New York City Comptroller's
        Office, the economic cost to the city in just the current and
        next fiscal years could be as high as $90 to $105 billion. And,
        as if all this were not enough, the events of September 11th
        resulted in a significant environmental health emergency, particularly
        for those who live and work in Lower Manhattan. <A HREF="http://www.nrdc.org/cities/wtc/intro.asp"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The Real Heroes Are Dead
        </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; (New Yorker,
        February 11) &#151; A moving examination of the life of corporate
        security official Rick Rescorla, and his actions on September
        11. <A HREF="http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?020211fa_FACT1"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"><BR>
<BR>
        </A></FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Potential Contaminants
        in World Trade Center Debris <A HREF="http://www.corpwatch.org/issues/PID.jsp?articleid=1609"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">(CorpWatch Issue Library, February 6)</FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor228228">click
      here</A>.<BR>
<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor804333"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">OCCUPATIONAL
      SAFETY AND HEALTH RESOURCES LINKS</FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Characterization of the
        Dust/Smoke Aerosol that Settled East of the World Trade Center
        (WTC) in Lower Manhattan after the Collapse of the WTC 11 September
        2001</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; The explosion
        and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic
        event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers,
        residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September
        2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke
        were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC
        on 16 and 17 September 2001; these samples are representative
        of the generated material that settled immediately after the
        explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures.
        We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle size,
        for inorganic and organic composition. In the inorganic analyses,
        we identified metals, radionuclides, ionic species, asbestos,
        and inorganic species. In the organic analyses, we identified
        polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls,
        polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
        pesticides, phthalate esters, brominated diphenyl ethers, and
        other hydrocarbons. Each sample had a basic pH. Asbestos levels
        ranged from 0.8% to 3.0% of the mass, the PAHs were &gt; 0.1%
        of the mass, and lead ranged from 101 to 625 &micro;g/g. The
        content and distribution of material was indicative of a complex
        mixture of building debris and combustion products in the resulting
        plume. These three samples were composed primarily of construction
        materials, soot, paint (leaded and unleaded), and glass fibers
        (mineral wool and fiberglass). Levels of hydrocarbons indicated
        unburned or partially burned jet fuel, plastic, cellulose, and
        other materials that were ignited by the fire. In morphologic
        analyses we found that a majority of the mass was fibrous and
        composed of many types of fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass,
        asbestos, wood, paper, and cotton). The particles were separated
        into size classifications by gravimetric and aerodynamic methods.
        Material &lt; 2.5 &micro;m in aerodynamic diameter was 0.88-1.98%
        of the total mass. The largest mass concentrations were &gt;
        53 &micro;m in diameter. The results obtained from these samples
        can be used to understand the contact and types of exposures
        to this unprecedented complex mixture experienced by the surviving
        residents, commuters, and rescue workers directly affected by
        the plume from 11 to 12 September and the evaluations of any
        acute or long-term health effects from resuspendable dust and
        smoke to the residents, commuters, and local workers, as well
        as from the materials released after 11 September until the fires
        were extinguished. Further, these results support the need to
        have the interior of residences, buildings, and their respective
        HVAC systems professionally cleaned to reduce long-term residential
        risks before rehabitation. <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/lioy-EHP-6-02.PDF"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Environmental Health Perspectives,
        July 2002)<BR>
        <B><I><BR>
<BR>
        World Trade Center Worker and Volunteer Medical Screening Program
        </I></B>&#151; A project of the Mount Sinai-Irving J. Selikoff
        Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine to screen
        workers and volunteers who performed rescue and recovery work,
        including the restoration of essential services at the World
        Trade Center or at the Staten Island Landfill in the wake of
        September 11. <A HREF="http://www.wtcexams.org/"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A></FONT><BR>
<BR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Responding to Chemical,
        Biological, or Nuclear Terrorism: The Indirect and Long-Term
        Health Effects May Present the Greatest Challenge </FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151; The possibility of terrorists
        employing chemical, biological, or nuclear/radiological (CBN)
        materials has been a concern since 1995 when sarin gas was dispersed
        in a Tokyo subway. Contingency planning almost exclusively involved
        detection, containment, and emergency health care for mass casualties.
        However, it is clear that even small-scale CBN incidents&#151;like
        the recent spread of anthrax spores through the mail&#151;can
        cause widespread confusion, fear, and psychological stress that
        have lasting effects on the health of affected communities and
        on a nation&#146;s sense of well-being. More emphasis therefore
        needs to be placed on indirect effects and on the medical, social,
        economic, and legal consequences that follow months to years
        afterward. To respond effectively to CBN attacks, a comprehensive
        strategy needs to be developed that includes not only emergency
        response, but also long-term health care, risk communication,
        research, and economic assistance. Organizing an effective response
        challenges government institutions because the issues involved&#151;eligibility
        for health care, the effects of low-level exposure to toxic agents,
        stress-related illnesses, unlicensed therapeutics, financial
        compensation&#151;are complex and controversial. <A HREF="../WTCcatastrophe/CBN-hyams.pdf"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Journal of Health Politics,
        Policy and Law, April 2002)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Public health, not air
        quality, is at risk in lower Manhattan </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1"
         FACE="Arial">&#151;<B><I>&nbsp;</I></B>Among the hundreds of
        building clean-up workers that we examined, rarely were they
        provided with adequate personal protective equipment, including
        respirators, for their work near Ground Zero. Common sense would
        dictate that, in the absence of knowing what exactly was in the
        voluminous dust in the office buildings next to Ground Zero,
        that clean-up employers would err on the side of caution and
        provide their workforce with properly fitting respirators, that
        is, just in case the dust was indeed toxic. This did not happen.
        &nbsp;<A HREF="../CBNS_March8.html"><IMG SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF"
        WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp;(Center
        for the Biology of Natural Systems, Testimony at March 8 City
        Council hearing)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">World Trade Center Hazmat
        Emergency Management Team </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">(International
        Union of Operating Engineers)</FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor228637">click
      here</A>.<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <H3><A NAME="anchor804729"></A><FONT FACE="Arial">PSYCHOLOGICAL
      TRAUMA LINKS<BR>
      </FONT></H3>
      <UL>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Counseling Sought For
        FDNY</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> &#151; New York
        City's paramedics union called on the Fire Department yesterday
        to implement mandatory counseling for those who worked at Ground
        Zero. The call came in the wake of two suicides by paramedics
        who worked extensively at Ground Zero, one in January and the
        other on June 7. <A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-fdny0613.story"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Newsday, June 12)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">City Students Feeling
        Trauma Months After Sept. 11 </FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">&#151;
        About 200,000 public school students across the city still are
        experiencing serious mental health problems six months after
        Sept. 11, according to a study commissioned by the Board of Education.
        <A HREF="http://www.newsday.com/news/local/newyork/ny-kids0502.story?coll=ny%2Dnynews%2Dheadlines"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (Newsday, May 2)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Post-9/11 Pain Found to
        Linger in Young Minds</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">
        &#151; Tens of thousands of public-school children in New York
        City are experiencing chronic nightmares, fear of public places,
        severe anxiety and other mental health problems months after
        the World Trade Center attack, a study conducted for the Board
        of Education has found. <A HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/02/health/02SCHO.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> &nbsp;(New York Times, May
        2)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">We Must Help Our Nation's
        Heroes</FONT></I></B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> <B><I>&#151;</I></B>
        Since September 11, 2001, we can all see more clearly than ever
        how important it is to prepare our emergency workers to respond
        to a terrorist attack. Unfortunately, when our leaders at the
        federal, state, and local levels think about preparing emergency
        workers to deal with a gruesome attack, they nearly always focus
        on how a government agency can outfit them with the latest equipment.
        They often forget how important it is to prepare emergency workers
        to deal with the emotional trauma that can arise from witnessing
        a horrendous event firsthand. <A HREF="http://www4.nationalacademies.org/onpi/oped.nsf/(Op-EdByDocID)/98C8A898A753DAC485256B920076AA03?OpenDocument"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A> (National Academies Op-Ed
        Service, April 5)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Public health, not air
        quality, is at risk in lower Manhattan &nbsp;</FONT></I></B><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Among the hundreds of building clean-up
        workers that we examined, rarely were they provided with adequate
        personal protective equipment, including respirators, for their
        work near Ground Zero. Common sense would dictate that, in the
        absence of knowing what exactly was in the voluminous dust in
        the office buildings next to Ground Zero, that clean-up employers
        would err on the side of caution and provide their workforce
        with properly fitting respirators, that is, just in case the
        dust was indeed toxic. This did not happen. &nbsp;<A HREF="../CBNS_March8.html"><IMG 
        SRC="../images/fullstory.GIF" WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="10" ALIGN="BOTTOM"
        BORDER="0" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3"></A>&nbsp;(Center for the Biology
        of Natural Systems, Testimony at March 8 City Council hearing)<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.mssm.edu/psychiatry/tssp/wtcsurvivor.shtml"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The World Trade Center Survivor Treatment
        Program</FONT></I></B></A><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> <B><I>&#151;
        </I></B>(Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry)
        If you or someone you know was psychologically traumatized on
        September 11and has symptoms that have persisted for several
        weeks, please call our program at (718) 584-9000 extension 6971.
        Help is available.<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT>
        <LI><A HREF="http://www.mssm.edu/psychiatry/wtcptsd/"><B><I><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">The Psychological Impact of Disaster</FONT></I></B></A><FONT
         SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial"> <B><I>&#151; </I></B>(Mount Sinai School
        of Medicine, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine)</FONT>
      </UL>
      <P><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For links material published
      before February 1, 2002, <A HREF="WTC-catastrophe_archive_Dec2001%20-%20Jan2002.html#anchor229168">click
      here</A>.<BR>
      </FONT></I></B></P>
      <DIR>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">For reference material
        on job-related psychological hazards and health, <A HREF="../links_H-Z.html#anchor250395">click
        here</A>.<BR>
<BR>
        </FONT></I></B>
        <LI><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">Occupational and environmental
        safety and health hazards have an effect on everyone, going far
        beyond the concerns resulting from the World Trade Center catastrophe
        or bioterrorism. For more information on the identification,
        control and elimination of workplace and workplace-related hazards,
        and to learn more about the struggle to ensure that every workplace
        is safe and healthful, please explore the our extensive website
        and its 2000 links to other Internet resources on the subject.
        To visit our site map, please <A HREF="../site_map.html">click
        here.</A></FONT></I></B><BR>
      </DIR>
      <P><CENTER><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial">This page was last
      updated on October 18, 2002.<BR>
      </FONT></I></CENTER></BLOCKQUOTE>
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